EyesOfWorlds: Jeffrey Hopkins' Tibetan-Sanskrit-English Dictionary ga

Jeffrey Hopkins' Tibetan-Sanskrit-English Dictionary: ga

[translation-san] {C} daṃśana
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} interrogative particle; all [of a certain number] [translation-eng] {C} marvellous power
example
[bod] gsum ga ; [eng] all three; the three

ga dus

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} when?; at what time?

ga na

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} where?
example
[bod] ga na bzhugs ; [eng] where [so-and-so] lived

ga nas

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} from where?; from whence?

ga par

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} where?

ga pur

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} camphor

ga tshad

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} how many?; how much?

ga tshod

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} how many?; how much?

ga re

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} what?

ga la

[translation-san] {C} kuta [translation-eng] {Hopkins} how?; where? [translation-eng] {C} how?; where?

ga la yod

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} how could there be?; where is?

ga las 'jigs med

[translation-san] akutobhayā (?)

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} Akutobhayā [title of a commentary on Nāgārjuna's Treatise on the Middle, Toh. 3829]

[comments] Comment: Some attribute the text to Nāgārjuna, but others cite the fact that the text quotes Āryadeva as evidence that it could not have been composed by Nāgārjuna, who was Āryadeva's teacher. Ge-s#hay Ge-dün-l#o-drö suggested that this may also be the name of the author of the commentary, the text having been given the name of the author as is the case with the Buddhapālita Commentary on Nāgārjuna's Treatise on the Middle.

example

[bod] bod mang pos ga las 'jigs med rang 'grel du 'dod pa mi 'thad pa ; [eng] the assertion by many Tibetans that the Akutobhayā is an autocommentary is not correct{DASI 582.1}

ga ler

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} slowly; gently

[comments] Comment: Nga-w#ang-lek-den (ngag dbang legs ldan) suggested that ga le may have derived from gang legs (whatever is good).

gag po

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} difficult; hard

dgag bya khyab ches pa

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} too extensive object of negation/refutation

gang གང་

[translation-san] {LCh} ka, {C}katara
[translation-san] {MSA} yad
[translation-san] {MV.IV.4} katame
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} relative and interrogative pronoun: what; who; which example

[bod] thabs gang la brten nas ; [eng] method in dependence on which example
[bod] gang bskur ba'i dbang de ; [eng] initiation which is bestowed

gang gA'i klung

[translation-san] {L} Gaṅgā-nadī [translation-eng] {Hopkins} Ganges River

gang gA'i klung gi bye ma snyed

[translation-san] {C} gaṅgā-nadī-vālukopama
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} as many as the grains of sand of the Ganges [translation-eng] {C} countless like the sands of the Ganges

gang gA'i klung gi bye ma 'di snyed dang mnyam pa'i sangs rgyas

[translation-san] {MSA} gaṃgā-nadī-vālikā-samāna-buddha (iyat ...-)
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} Buddhas equal in number to these grains of sand of the Ganges

gang gA'i klung mnyam

[translation-san] {C} gaṇgā-nadī-vāli-sama [translation-eng] {Hopkins} equal with the Ganges [translation-eng] {C} like the sands of the Ganges

gang gi གང་གི་

[translation-san] {MSA} yasya

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} relative and interrogative pronoun: of which

gang gi don du

[translation-san] {MV} yad-artham [translation-eng] {Hopkins} for the sake of which

gang gi phyir

[translation-san] {MV} yad-artham
[translation-san] {MSA} yasmai
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} because; for that reason; for the sake of; why? [comments] Comment: Used often as a correlative with de'i phyir.

gang gi tshe

[translation-san] yadā
[translation-san] {MV} kasyām avasthāyām
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} when; at what time
[comments] Comment: Used often as a correlative with de'it tshe.

gang gi tshe ... de'i tshe

[translation-san] {MV} yadā ... tadā
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} correlative construction: when

gang gi yang

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} any; of any

gang gi slad du

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} for what reason?; for the sake of what?; for the sake of which

gang gis

[translation-san] {MSA} yena
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} interrogative or correlative particle: by what; by whom; by which [comments] Comment: Used often as a correlative with de.

gang gis stong nyid shes pa de

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} one who knows emptiness

gang gis dang gang du sgrub pa

[tenses] bsgrub; sgrub; bsgrubs; sgrubs
[translation-san] {MSA} yena ca pratipadyante yatra ca [translation-eng] {Hopkins} by whom and where achieved

gang ci གང་ཅི་

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} which?; why?

gang ci'ang rung

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} any and all

gang ltar khas len pa ni dpyad par bya'o

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} it should be analyzed what sort of assertion should be made

gang ltar yang

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} in any case

gang dag

[translation-san] {L} katara
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} what; which; who; some [comments] Comment: Used often as a correlative with de dag.

gang du གང་དུ་

[translation-san] {MSA} yatra
[translation-san] {MV} yatra ca
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} [what-in]; in which; where; as which

gang du 'dod pa'i zhing du 'gro ba

[translation-san] {C} yatrecchā-kṣetra-gamanatā
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} going to the pure land to which one wishes/wants [translation-eng] {C} going to the field one wishes to go to

gang du dbang bskur pa'i dkyil 'khor

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} the maṇḍala in which initiation is bestowed

gang du yang ma song ba

[tenses] song; song; song; song
[translation-san] {MSA} kaṃcid-gata (na-)(from kim) [translation-eng] {Hopkins} not gone anywhere

gang dran dran

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} whatever you thought; whatever might be imagined

[comments] Comment: Used in logical texts to indicate a state of utter absurdity in which anything would be true.

gang phyir

[translation-san] {C} yatas [translation-san] {MV} yad-artham

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} because; for that reason; for the sake of; why? [comments] Comment: Used often as a correlative with de phyir.

gang ba

[tenses] 'gang; 'gang; gang; gang
[translation-san] {C} pūrṇatva
[translation-san] {MSA} prapūrṇatva
[translation-san] {C} bharita
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} be full; become full [translation-eng] {C} completion; repletion; filled with [comments] Comment: rab tu gang ba = pratipūrṇa{MSA}.

gang ba med pa

[tenses] 'gang; 'gang; gang; gang
[translation-san] {C} aparipūrṇa
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} not full
[translation-eng] {C} without having fulfilled; (in)complete

gang bar 'gyur

[tenses] 'gang; 'gang; gang; gang [translation-san] {MSA} (ā √pṝ): āpūryate [translation-eng] {Hopkins} will fill

gang med

[tenses] 'gang; 'gang; gang; gang
[translation-san] {C} apūrṇatva
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} not full [translation-eng] {C} non-completion; no increase

gang tshun

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} up to the point of

gang tshe

[translation-san] yadā
[translation-san] {C} yatra-antarasmi (=yadā)
[translation-san] {C} kāli
[translation-san] {C} yathā (=yadā)
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} when; at what time [translation-eng] {C} when; time; so that
[comments] Comment: Often used as a correlative with de'i tshe.

gang tshe tshe

[translation-san] {L} yadā [translation-eng] {Hopkins} when

gang zhig

[translation-san] {MSA} yad
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} for one [indicates the first part of a reason]; whoever; which example

[bod] 'dus ma byas kyi nam mkha' chos can/ rtag pa yin par thal/ yod pa gang zhig skad cig ma ma yin pa'i phyir/; [eng] It follows that the subject, uncompounded space, is a permanent phenomenon, because of (1) existing and (2) not being momentary.

gang zhe na

[translation-san] {C} katamāni
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} if [someone asks], ""What?""; if [someone asks], ""Which?"" [translation-eng] {C} what is?

gang zag

[translation-san] {C,MSA,MV} pudgala
[translation-san] puruṣa
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} person; individual
[definition-bod] mtshan nyid phung po lnga po gang rung la brten nas btags pa'i skyes bu/ [definition-eng] Def.: a being imputed in dependence upon any among the five aggregates [division-bod] dbye ba so so'i skye bo dang 'phags pa gnyis/

[division-eng] Div.: the two—ordinary beings (pṛthagjana) and Superiors (ārya)

[comments] Comment: Ken-sur Nga-w#ang-lek-den etymologized this is ""full-fall"", i.e., one who is filled with the afflictions and has fallen into cyclic existence. As he said, this is not true of all persons, because even a Buddha, for instance, is a person. It is to be noted that animals, for instance, are persons. It is said that in general ""self"" (bdag, ātman) ""person,"" and ""I"" (nga, ahaṃ) are equivalent, but in the particular context of the selflessness of persons ""self"" and ""person"" are not at all equivalent and do not at all have the same meaning. In the term ""selflessness of persons,"" ""self"" refers to a falsely imagined status that needs to be refuted, whereas ""persons"" refers to existent beings who are the bases with respect to which that refutation is made. All four Buddhist schools, therefore, hold that persons exist; they do not claim that persons are mere fictions of ignorance. The schools hold differing opinions on the nature of the person. According to Ge-luk-b#a scholars, all except the Middle Way Consequence School posit something from within the bases of imputation of a person — usually either mind or the collection of mind and body — as being the person. In contrast, the Consequence School holds that, even though a person is imputed in dependence upon mind and body (in the Formless Realm, a person is imputed in dependence only on mind), the person is neither mind nor body nor a collection of mind and body, since it is just the I that is imputed in dependence upon mind and body. Following the lead of Chandrakīrti, recognized by most as the founder of the Consequence School, Ge-luk-b#a scholars identify how in the other schools some factor among the five aggregates (forms, feelings, discriminations, compositional factors, and consciousnesses) or the collection of them is considered to be the person when sought analytically from among its bases of imputation: the Proponents of the Great Exposition, in general,

hold that the mere collection of the mental and physical aggregates is the person; however, some of the five Saṃmitīya subschools of the Great Exposition School maintain that all five aggregates are the person (although the absurdity of one person being five persons would seem difficult not to notice) while another subschool, the Avantaka, asserts that the mind alone is the person; the Sūtra School Following Scripture assert that the continuum of the aggregates is the person; the Sūtra School Following Reasoning maintains that the mental consciousness is the person; the Mind-Only School Following Scripture holds that the mind-basis-of-all (kun gzhi rnam par shes pa, ālayavijñāna) is the person; the Mind-Only School Following Reasoning asserts that the mental consciousness is the person; both the Yogic Autonomy School and the Sūtra Autonomy School assert that a subtle, neutral mental consciousness is the person. For the most part, the delineation of what these schools assert to be the person is a matter of conjecture and not reporting of forthright statements in these schools' own texts. Though it is clear that most of these schools (if not all) accept that persons exist, it is often not clear in their own literature that they assert that something from within the bases of imputation of a person is the person. Rather, as presented in Vasubandhu's commentary on the ninth chapter of his Treasury of Manifest Knowledge, persons are merely asserted to be ""non-associated compositional factors"" (ldan min 'du byed, viprayuktasaṃskāra) and thus an instance of the fourth aggregate, compositional factors, without a specific identification — of any of the five aggregates that are a person's bases of imputation — as the person.

gang zag; skyes bu

[translation-san] pudgala/puruṣa [translation-eng] {Hopkins} person

gang zag gang gis yid gtad pas mthong tsam nyid nas 'di dang 'di 'dra'o snyam pa'i blo ngang gi skyed nus pa'i chos

[tenses] bskyed; skyed; bskyed; skyed

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} phenomena naturally able to produce an awareness thinking, ""This and that are alike,"" upon merely being seen by whatever person directs the mind [toward them]

[comments] Comment: This is the definition of same isolate type (ldog pa rigs gcig). See Perdue, 576.

gang zag gi bdag

[translation-san] pudgalātman [translation-eng] {Hopkins} self of persons

gang zag gi bdag med

[translation-san] pudgala-nairātmya
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} selflessness of persons
[division-bod] dbye ba 1 gang zag gi bdag med rags pa/ 2 gang zag gi bdag med phra mo/ [division-eng] Div.: (1) coarse selflessness of persons; (2) subtle selflessness of persons

gang zag gi bdag med rtogs pa'i rnal 'byor gyi sa

[tenses] rtogs; rtogs; rtogs; rtogs
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} yogic ground of realizing the selflessness of persons
[comments] Comment: One of the three yogic grounds (rnal 'byor gyi sa); see rnal 'byor gyi sa for

the others.

gang zag gi bdag med phra mo

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} subtle selflessness of persons
[definition-bod] mtshan nyid gang zag rang rkya thub pa'i rdzas yod kyis stong pa

[definition-eng] Def.: In non-Consequentialist schools: a person's emptiness of being a self- sufficient substantial entity

gang zag gi bdag med rags pa

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} coarse selflessness of persons
[definition-bod] mtshan nyid gang zag rtag gcig rang dbang can gyis stong pa

[definition-eng] Def.: In non-Consequentialist schools: a person's emptiness of being permanent, unitary, and autonomous

gang zag gi bdag 'dzin pa'i blo

[tenses] gzung; 'dzin; bzung; zungs
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} awareness apprehending a self of persons

[comments] Comment: Given as an instance of superimposition (sgro 'dogs), i.e., a superimposing consciousness.

gang zag gi bye brag

[translation-san] {MSA} pudgala-bheda [translation-eng] {Hopkins} instance of a person

gang zag gi longs spyad bya

[tenses] spyad; spyod; spyad; spyod
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} objects of use of a person

gang zag gi bsam pa la dgongs pa

[translation-san] {MSA} pudgalāśayābhiprāya

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} thinking/considering a person's attitude

[comments] Comment: dgongs pa (abhiprāyā) is often mistranslated as ""intention,"" but this does not accord with the following: Four Thoughts Thinking of sameness (mnyam pa nyid la dgongs pa, samatābhiprāya) Thinking of another meaning (don gzhan la dgongs pa, arthāntarābhiprāya) Thinking of another time (dus gzhan la dgongs pa, kālāntarābhiprāya) Thinking of a person's attitude (gang zag gi bsam pa la dgongs pa, pudgalāntarābhiprāya) Four Intentions: Intending entry [into the teaching] (gzhug pa la ldem por dgongs pa, avatāranābhisaṃdhi) Intending the [three] characters (mtshan nyid la ldem por dgongs pa, lakṣaṇābhisaṃdhi) Intending an antidote (gnyen po la ldem por dgongs pa, pratipakṣābhisaṃdhi) Intending translation (sbyor ba la ldem por dgongs pa/ bsgyur ba la ldem por dgongs pa, pariṇāmābhisaṃdhi) Thought"" (dgongs pa) is [posited] from the viewpoint of indicating the basis in [Buddha's] thought, ""Thinking of this, [such and such] was said,"" and ""intention"" (ldem dgongs) is [posited] from the viewpoint of indicating purpose, ""[Such and such] was said for this purpose."" Since thought and intention are posited in different ways with respect to one non-literal sūtra, [a sūtra having an] intention and [a sūtra having a] thought must be asserted as mutually inclusive. The basis in [Buddha's] thought is just what the

Teacher has set in [his] mind and is not relative to another, the trainee, and purpose definitely must rely on another, the trainee, since it is for sake of taking care of another. See Ann, dngos, 134.5.""

gang zag mngon par rtogs pa

[tenses] rtogs; rtogs; rtogs; rtogs
[translation-san] {MSA} pudgalābhisaṃbodha [translation-eng] {Hopkins} manifest realization of the person

gang zag tu smra ba

[translation-san] {MSA} pudgala-vādin [translation-eng] {Hopkins} propound a person

gang zag tu 'dzin pa

[tenses] gzung; 'dzin; bzung; zungs
[translation-san] {MSA} pudgala-grāha
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} apprehend a person; conceive a person

gang zag rtag gcig rang dbang can gyis stong pa

[translation-san] nityaikasvatantra-śūnyapudgala
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} a person's emptiness of being permanent, unitary, and autonomous

gang zag dang chos dag mi dmigs pa'i phyir

[tenses] dmigs; dmigs; dmigs; dmigs
[translation-san] {MSA} pudgala-dharmayor anupalambhāt
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} due to/because of not apprehending persons and [other] phenomena

gang zag dang chos med pa'i mtshan nyid yin pa

[translation-san] {MSA} pudgala-dharmābhāva-lakṣaṇatva
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} character of non-existence of persons and [other] phenomena

gang zag dang chos la bdag med pa

[translation-san] {MSA} pudgala-dharma-nairātmya
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} selflessness in persons and [other] phenomena

gang zag dang chos la bdag med pa dag yongs su shes par bya ba'i phyir

[translation-san] {MSA} pudgala-dharma-nairātmyayoḥ parijñārthaṃ

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} in order to thoroughly understand selflessness in persons and [other] phenomena

gang zag dam pa

[translation-san] {MV} sat add pudgala after checking? [translation-eng] {Hopkins} excellent person; holy person

gang zag gdags pa

[tenses] gdags; 'dogs; btags/brtags; thogs [translation-san] {MSA} pudgala-prajñapti [translation-eng] {Hopkins} imputation of a person

gang zag ni nam yang med pa ma yin pa

[translation-san] {MSA} kadā cit pudgalo nāsti (na-) [translation-eng] {Hopkins} persons are never non-existent

gang zag rnam par gzhig pa

[translation-san] {MV} pudgala-vināśa
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} disintegration of the person; destruction of the person

gang zag rnam par bzhag pa

[translation-san] {MSA} pudgala-vyavasthāna [translation-eng] {Hopkins} positing of the person

gang zag ma yin pa'i ldan min 'du byed

[translation-san] *apudgalaviprayuktasaṃskāra [translation-eng] {Hopkins} non-person compositional factor

[comments] Comment: One of the two divisions of non-associated compositional factors (ldan min 'du byed).

gang zag ma yin par gyur pa'i ldan min 'du byed

[translation-san] *apudgala-viprayukta-saṃskāra

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} non-associated compositional factors that are not persons; non- associated compositional factor which is not a person

[comments] Comment: One of the two divisions of non-associated compositional factors (ldan min 'du byed).

gang zag mi rtag pa nyid du thal bar 'gyur ba

[tenses] 'gyur; 'gyurd; gyur; gyurd
[translation-san] {MSA} pudgalasyānityatva-prasaṅgāt
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} it would [absurdly] follow that persons would be just impermanent

gang zag med pa

[translation-san] {C} niṣpudgala
[translation-san] {C} niṣpudgalatva
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} non-existence of persons
[translation-eng] {C} no personality; without personality; absence of a person

gang zag smra ba

[translation-san] pudgalavādin
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} Proponent of a Person

gang zag tsam

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} mere person

gang zag zla med pa

[translation-san] {C} apratipudgala
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} person without equal; matchless person [translation-eng] {C} without a match

gang zag yin par gyur pa'i ldan min 'du byed

[translation-san] *pudgala-viprayukta-saṃskāra
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} non-associated compositional factor which is a person

[comments] Comment: One of the two divisions of non-associated compositional factors (ldan min 'du byed).

gang zag yod par khas blang bar mi bya

[translation-san] {MSA} na vā pudgalo 'sti
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} persons are not to be asserted as existing

gang zag yod par smra ba

[translation-san] pudgala-vādin
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} Proponent of a Person

gang zag rang rkya thub pa'i rdzas yod kyis stong pa

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} emptiness of a person as being substantially existent in the sense of being self-sufficient

gang zag rang rkya thub pa'i rdzas yod du ma grub pa

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} non-establishment of the person as substantially existent in the sense of being self-sufficient

[comments] Comment: This is the definition of (subtle) selflessness of persons (gang zag gi bdag med) in the non-Consequentialist schools.

gang zag la mi srid snyam pa

[translation-san] {MV} asambhāvanā pudgale
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} thinking, ""[Such and such] does not occur among persons""

gang yang

[tenses] gang; gi; yang [translation-san] {C} kiṃcit

[translation-san] {MV} kiṃcid
[translation-san] {C} kahiṃci
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} [what-even]; any; whosoever. With negative: not any; none [translation-eng] {C} anyone; whatever; anywhere
[comments] Comment: See gang rung.

gang yang rung ba

[translation-san] anayatara
[translation-san] {L} anyatama
[translation-san] {L} anyatas-anyatara [translation-eng] {Hopkins} any; some; some...or other

gang yang rung ba zhig ma tshang ba

[translation-san] {MV} anyatama-vaikalya [translation-eng] {Hopkins} any incomplete

gang yang rung ba'i

[translation-san] {C} anyataranyatara [translation-eng] {Hopkins} of any [translation-eng] {C} some or other

gang yin

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} what is?; which is

gang yin pa

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} which is; whatever is

gang yin pa de thams cad

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} all of whatever is...; all whatsoever

gang yin par 'gro

[translation-san] {C} yathāgami
[translation-eng] {C} goes into...which he comes across on his way

gang rung

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} one among; either one or both; whichever is suitable

gang la

[translation-san] {C} kutra [translation-san] {C} kutu [translation-san] {MSA} yatra

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} with respect to which; of what; where; of which; in which/whom [translation-eng] {C} in whom; how

gang la gang

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} any...whatsoever

gang la gang med pa de ni des stong

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} the non-existence of something in something is [its] emptiness of that [comments] Comment: Quote from Vasubandhu's Madhyāntavibhāga and so forth.

gang la dgongs nas

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} in consideration of which; thinking of which

gang la rnam par mi rtog

[translation-san] {MV} yac ca na vikalpayati

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} non-conceptual/not conceptualizing with respect to which; non- conceptual with respect to anything

gang las

[translation-san] {L} kām
[translation-san] {C} kuto
[translation-san] {MSA} yatra
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} from what?; whence?; why? [translation-eng] {C} with what?; why?

gang las bskyod par bgyid lags

[tenses] bskyod; skyod; bskyod; skyod [translation-san] {C} uccālayati [translation-eng] {C} free oneself from

gang shar thams cad

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} all of whatever appears

gang su dag

[translation-san] {L} ye kecit
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} whichever of those

gangs

[translation-san] hima [translation-eng] {Hopkins} snow

gangs can

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} that endowed with snow; The Snowy Land [i.e., Tibet]

gangs can mkhas pa

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} scholar of the Land of Snows [Tibet]

gangs pa se'u

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} Gang-b#a-s#ay-u [c.1200; a G#a-dam-b#a author on epistemology]

gangs ri sngon por snang ba'i dbang shes

[tenses] snang; snang; snang; snang
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} sense consciousness to which a snow mountain appears as blue

[comments] Comment: An example of a non-conceptual wrong consciousness that is a sense consciousness (dbang shes su gyur pa'i rtog med log shes).

gangs ri ba

[translation-san] {LCh} haimavata
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} one [person] of the snow mountain

gad mo

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} laugh; laughter; laughing

gad mo dgod

[tenses] bgad; dgod; bgad; dgod
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} laugh; smile; make laugh/smile

gab tshe

[translation-san] {C} karaṇḍaka [translation-eng] {C} basket

gam

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} or; and; particle indicating question; near

[comments] Comment: One of ten particles used with a disjunctive (""or"") or conjunctive (""and"") sense.

ma yin dgag gi gzhan sel

[tenses] bsal; sel; bsald; seld
[translation-san] *pāryudāsa-apoha
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} other-eliminator/other-elimination that is an affirming negative

[definition-bod] mtshan nyid rang zhes brjod pa'i sgras rang gi dgag bya bkag shul du rang 'dzin rtog pa'i gzhal byar 'phangs pa yang yin/ sgrub pa yang yin pa'i gzhi mthun pa yod pa yang yin/ dgag pa yang yin pa'i gzhi mthun par dmigs pa/

[definition-eng] that which is observed as a common locus of: (1) there existing a common locus of (a) being projected in place of its object of negation as an object of comprehension by the

conceptual consciousness apprehending it and (b) being a positive phenomenon (2) being a negative phenomenon

[division-bod] dbye ba 1 don rang mtshan gyi gzhan sel/ 2 blo'i gzhan sel/

[division-eng] Divisions: (1) factual other-eliminator that is a specifically characterized phenomenon; (2) mental other-eliminator

synonym
[bod] ma yin dgag

[comments] Comment: One of the two types of other-eliminators (gzhan sel); the other is other- eliminator that is a non-affirming negative (med dgag gi gzhan sel).

gar

[translation-san] {C} nṛtya
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} [what to]; where; dancing; dance

gar 'dod pa

[translation-san] {C} yatreccham [translation-eng] {Hopkins} wherever wished [translation-eng] {C} wherever it wishes

gar yang khyab pa ni chu zla lta bu'o

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} pervading everywhere like a moon in water

gal te

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} if; in case of [comments] Comment: Usually used with na.

gal te ... gyur

[translation-san] {MV.I.21 v} ced bhavet [translation-eng] {Hopkins} if it would be

gal ... na

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} If...

gas dang glu tshig dang sbrung

[translation-san] {C} nāṭaka-itihāsa [translation-eng] {C} play