EyesOfWorlds: Jeffrey Hopkins' Tibetan-Sanskrit-English Dictionary dg

Jeffrey Hopkins' Tibetan-Sanskrit-English Dictionary: dg

dgag

[tenses] dgag; 'gog; bkag; khogs
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} negate; stop; refute; block; limit [comments] Comment: See dgag pa.

dgag sgrub gnyis

[tenses] bsgrub; sgrub; bsgrubs; sgrubs

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} the two—negative [phenomena] and positive [phenomena]; the two— refutation and establishment; the two—refutation and proof

[comments] Comment: Positive and negative phenomena are one of the divisions of gzhi grub

(established base), i.e., existents (yod pa).

dgag sgrub byed

[tenses] bsgrub; sgrub; bsgrubs; sgrubs
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} refutation and establishment; refutation and proof [translation-eng] refutation and establishment

dgag pa

[tenses] dgag; 'gog; bkag; khogs [translation-san] {LCh,MSA} pratiṣedha

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} negation; refutation; negative [phenomenon]; cessation; negative phenomenon

[definition-bod] mtshan nyid rang 'dzin rtog pas rang gi dgag bya dngos su bcad pa'i tshul gyis rtogs par bya ba/

[definition-eng] Def.: an object realized by the conceptual consciousness apprehending it in the manner of an explicit elimination of its object of negation.

[division-bod] dbye ba 1 ma yin dgag 2 med dgag
[division-eng] Div.: (1) affirming negative; (2) non-affirming negative

[comments] Comment: Negative phenomenon (dgag pa) is equivalent to gzhan sel (exlusion of the other, other-exclusion [anyāpoha]). Examples are rtag pa ma yin pa (non-permanent); bum pa ma yin pa las log pa (opposite from non-pot).

dgag pa dngos su rtogs pa'i tshad ma

[tenses] rtogs; rtogs; rtogs; rtogs

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} direct perception explicitly realizing a negative phenomenon

[definition-bod] mtshan chid/ dgag pa'i rnam pa shar nas dgag pa la gsar du mi bslu ba'i rig pa

[definition-eng] Def.: a knower newly incontrovertible with respect to a negative phenomenon upon the aspect of a negative phenomenon appearing [to it]

[comments] Comment: The aspect of an object must appear in cases when the realization is explicit.

dgag pa'i sgra

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} negative word/term

dgag pa'i rnam pa shar nas dgag pa la gsar du mi bslu ba'i rig pa

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} a knower newly incontrovertible with respect to a negative phenomenon upon the aspect of a negative phenomenon appearing [to it]

[comments] Comment: This is the definition of direct perception explicitly realizing a negative phenomenon (dgag pa dngos su rtogs pa'i tshad ma).

dgag par gyur pa'i ldog pa rigs gcig pa

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} negative phenomena which are the same isolate type

dgag bya

[translation-san] {LCh} pratiṣedhya [translation-san] niṣedhya

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} object of negation/refutation; object negated; object stopped; that which is to be negated; object to be negated

dgag bya bkag pa

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} negative of the object of negation; negation of the object of negation

dgag bya 'gog pa'i rtog pa

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} a conceptual consciousness that [merely] refutes an object of negation

dgag bya ngos bzung ba

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} identifying the object of negation

dgag bya'i chos

[translation-san] *pratiṣedhya-dharma
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} predicate to be negated; predicate of the negandum

dgag gzhi

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} basis of negation

dgag gzhi can gyi chos

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} phenomenon which has a basis of negation [comments] Comment: A phenomenon that is absent somewhere.

dgag bzhag spong gsum

[tenses] gzhan; lugs; dgag; pa/; rang; lugs; bzhag; pa/; de; la; rtsod; pa; spong; ba/

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} the three—refuting [other's systems], establishing [our own system], and dispelling [objections with respect to our own system]

[comments] Comment: The first of the three also is taken as 'khrul pa dgag pa (refuting mistake/error).

dgab

[tenses] dgab/; 'gebs/; bkab/; khob/ [translation-san] {MSA} vasana [translation-eng] {Hopkins} cover; spread over

dga' དགའ་

[translation-san] {C} prīti [translation-san] priya [translation-san] rati [translation-san] {MSA} rata

[translation-san] {C} nanda

[translation-san] {C} paritoṣayati

[translation-san] {C} sukha

[translation-san] {MSA} (√mud): modate

[translation-san] {MSA} muda

[translation-san] {MSA} moda

[translation-san] {C} spṛhā

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} joy; happiness; liking

[translation-eng] {C} joyous; remains contented; kind; dear; ease; pleasure; happiness; happily; longing

dga' bgyid

[tenses] bgyi; bgyid; bgyis; gyis [translation-san] {C} spṛhāti [translation-eng] {C} emit radiance

dga' mgur

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} arbitrarily

dga' ston

[translation-san] {LCh} utsava [translation-eng] {Hopkins} festival; fest; party

dga' dang ldan pa

[translation-san] {MSA} rati-yukta
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} endowed with joy/happiness

dga' ldan

[translation-san] {LCh,C} tuṣita [translation-san] {MSA} spṛhāvat [translation-san] {C} tuṣita-deva

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} Joyous Land/Heaven [name of a Buddhist pure land]; Gan-den (""Joyous"") Monastic University [name of one of the large monasteries of the Ge-luk-b#a order in Tibet founded by D#zong-ka-b#a (tsong kha pa) in 1408]

[comments] Comment: The other two large monasteries near Hla-s#a that constitute the Three Seats are S#e-ra (se rwa) and Dre-b#ung ('bras spungs).

dga' ldan 'khri pa

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} holder of the throne of Gan-den [head of the Ge-luk-b#a order]

dga' ldan gyi gnas na gnas pa la sogs pa'i sprul pa nges par ston pa

[tenses] bstan; ston; bstand; stond

[translation-san] {MSA} tuṣita-bhavana-vāsādi-nirmāṇa-nidarśana
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} definite display of emanations such as that dwelling in the Joyous Land

dga' ldan gyi gnas na bzhugs pa

[translation-san] {MSA} tuṣita-bhavane vasati [translation-san] {MSA} tuṣita-bhavana-vāsa [translation-eng] {Hopkins} dwelling in the Joyous Land

dga' ldan gnas la sogs par skye bar kun tu ston pa

[tenses] bstan; ston; bstand; stond
[translation-san] {MSA} tuṣita-bhavanādy-upapatti-saṃdarśana
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} thoroughly displaying birth in the Joyous Land and so forth

dga' ba

[translation-san] {MSA,C} priya
[translation-san] preman
[translation-san] {MV,MSA,C} prīti (=lokottara- dharma-paryeṣṭiḥ = saumanasyam) [translation-san] {C} rata
[translation-san] udbilya
[translation-san] āmoda
[translation-san] udagra
[translation-san] tuṣṭa
[translation-san] {=sneha}
[translation-san] {L} nandi
[translation-san] nandana
[translation-san] priyatā
[translation-san] supriya (e.g.: bahujana- supriya)
[translation-san] muditā
[translation-san] ānanda
[translation-san] rati
[translation-san] ārāma
[translation-san] āmodana (e.g.: anamodana)
[translation-san] mudita
[translation-san] moda
[translation-san] muditayata
[translation-san] {MSA} tuṣṭi
[translation-san] saṃtuṣṭi
[translation-san] tuṣṭiṃ vrajati (√vraj)
[translation-san] ruci

[translation-san] sukha

[translation-san] spṛha

[translation-san] spṛhaṇa

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} joy; happiness; liking; like; prefer; incline toward

[translation-eng] {C} joyous; satisfaction; happiness; elated; contented; dear; kind; zest; rapture; affection; love; sympathetic joy; delight; delighted; delight in

dga' ba bskyed pa

[tenses] bskyed; skyed; bskyed; skyed
[translation-san] prīty-utpāda
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} generate/produce/engender joy/happiness

dga' ba nyams su myong ba

[translation-san] {MSA} sukham anubhavati [translation-eng] {Hopkins} experiencing joy

dga' ba 'thob pa

[tenses] thob/'thob; 'thob; thob; 'thobs
[translation-san] {L} prīti
[translation-san] {L} prīti-lābha
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} attain/obtain joy/happiness

dga' ba dang bde ba

[translation-san] {C} prīti-sukha
[translation-san] prīti-sukhado
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} joy and bliss
[translation-eng] {C} rapture; zest and joy; which gives joy and ease

dga' ba dang bde ba bskyed pa

[tenses] bskyed; skyed; bskyed; skyed
[translation-san] {MSA} prīti-sukha-saṃjananī
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} generate/produce/engender joy and bliss

dga' ba dang bde ba yang dag par myong ba

[translation-san] {MSA} prīti-sukha-saṃvedana [translation-eng] {Hopkins} thoroughly experience joy and bliss

dga' ba dang ldan

[translation-san] {C} hrīmat
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} joyous; possessing joy; endowed with joy; happy [translation-eng] {C} modest

dga' ba dang ldan pa

[translation-san] {MSA} prīti-sahagata
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} joyous; possessing joy; endowed with joy; happy

dga' ba dang bral ba med pa

[translation-san] {C} avirati
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} not separated from joy/happiness; not devoid of joy/happiness [translation-eng] {C} no discontent

dga' ba dang mtshungs par ldan pa

[translation-san] {MSA} rati-saṃprayukta
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} having similar association with joy

dga' ba dang yid bde skye ba

[translation-san] {C} prīti-saumanasya-jāta
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} generate/produce/engender joy and mental bliss [translation-eng] {C} exultant and glad; full of zest and gladness; overjoyed and enchanted

dga' ba sdud pa'i yid byed

[tenses] bsdu; sdud; bsdus; sdus

[translation-san] ratisaṃgrāhaka-manaskāra

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} mental contemplation of joy-withdrawal

[comments] Comment: One of the seven preparations (nyer bsdogs, samātaka) for a concentration (bsam gtan, dhyāna).

dga' ba ni bde ba dang mi 'bral ba'i rnam pa yin

[translation-san] {MSA} muditā sukhāviyogākārā

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} joy has the aspect of [wishing for] non-separation from happiness/pleasure

dga' ba spong ba

[tenses] spang; spong; spangs; spongs [translation-san] {C} rati-jaha
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} abandoning/forsaking joy [translation-eng] {C} forsaking delight

dga' ba byed pa

[translation-san] {C} rati-kara [translation-san] {MSA} muditāyata [translation-eng] {C} giving (joy)

dga' ba med

[translation-san] {C} arati
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} joyless; absence of joy; without joy/pleasure [translation-eng] {C} not content; no content

dga' ba yid la byed pa

[translation-san] {MSA} pramoda-manaskāra

[translation-san] {MSA} prīyaṇā-manasikāra

[translation-san] {MSA} rati-manaskāra

[translation-san] {MSA} spṛhā-manaskāra

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} mental contemplation of joy; joyous mental contemplation; taking joy to mind

dga' ba yongs su smin pa

[translation-san] {MSA} ruci-paripāka [translation-eng] {Hopkins} thorough maturaion of joy

dga' ba'i khyad par bskyed pa

[tenses] bskyed; skyed; bskyed; skyed
[translation-san] {MSA} tuṣṭi-viśeṣotpādana
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} generate a particular/specific/instance/type of joy

dga' ba'i rgyu

[translation-san] {MSA} tuṣṭi ... hetu [translation-eng] {Hopkins} cause of joy

dga' ba'i rgyu nyid

[translation-san] {MSA} rati-hetutva [translation-eng] {Hopkins} cause of joy

dga' ba'i mchog

[translation-san] {MSA} prīti ... agryā
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} supreme of joys; supreme joy

dga' ba'i rang bzhin can bde ba'i rang bzhin can

[translation-san] {C} priya-rūpa-sāta-rūpa
[translation-eng] {C} dear and pleasant forms ('things' would be better)

dga' ba'i ro

[translation-san] {MSA} prīti-rasa [translation-eng] {Hopkins} taste of joy

dga' ba'i bsam pa

[translation-san] {MSA} muditāśaya
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} joyous thought; thought of joy

dga' bar

[translation-san] {C} udagra
[translation-san] {C} prīta
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} joyous; happy [translation-eng] {C} elated; full of zest; glad

dga' bar 'gyur ro

[tenses] 'gyur; 'gyurd; gyur; gyurd
[translation-san] {C} ramate (=bhaktiṃ karoti)
[translation-san] {C} spṛhaṇīya
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} become joyful
[translation-eng] {C} enjoy oneself; delights in; have joy; to be envied; enviable; desirable

dga' bar byed pa

[translation-san] {MSA} āvarjana [translation-san] {MSA} (√prī): prīṇayati [translation-san] {MSA} premaṇīyā [translation-san] {MSA} rañjikatva [translation-san] {MSA} saṃtuṣṭi-karin [translation-eng] {Hopkins} take delight

dga' bar mi bya ba

[translation-san] {L} anabhirati [translation-eng] {Hopkins} not take joy

dga' bar mi byed

[translation-san] {L} apayāti
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} not take joy; not take delight

dga' bar tshim par byed

[translation-san] {MSA} (√prī): prīṇayati [translation-eng] {Hopkins} satisfy; joyously satisfy

dga' bar mdzad pa'i tshul gyis

[translation-san] {C} saṃharṣayamāṇa-rūpa [translation-eng] {Hopkins} in the manner of making joyous

[translation-eng] {C} with a thrill

dga' bas gnas pa'i phyir

[translation-san] {MSA} ratyā viharaṇāt
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} due to abiding with joy; due to abiding joyously

dga' byed

[translation-san] {C} pramodayāti [translation-eng] {Hopkins} make happy [translation-eng] {C} makes happy

dga' byed pa

[translation-san] {MSA} (ā √mud): āmodate [mi dga' byed pa = {MSA}udvejana] [translation-eng] {Hopkins} make happy

dga' tshal

[translation-san] {C} ramya-vana [translation-eng] {C} delightful forest

dga' zhing

[translation-san] {C} nirata
[translation-san] {C} ramate (=bhaktiṃ karoti)
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} enjoy; like
[translation-eng] {C} take delight in; enjoy oneself; delight in; have joy

dga' rab dbang phyug

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} the demonic Lord of Love
[comments] Comment: An epithet of the God of Desire ('dod lha, kāmadeva).

dgu

[translation-san] nava

[translation-san] {C} kukṣitā

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} nine; all

[translation-eng] {C} belly

[comments] Comment: ""Nine"" may come to mean ""all"" due to the fact that there are nine levels in cyclic existence.

dgu pa

[translation-san] {L} nava [translation-san] {MV.V.28} navama [translation-san] {MSA} navamī

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} ninth

dgu po

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} the nine; all nine

dgung

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} (1) sky; space (2) middle

dgung nam

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} space; sky; mid-space

dgung seng

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} vacation; holiday

dge

[translation-san] {L,MV} śubha
[translation-san] {L} kuśala
[translation-san] {L} kalyāṇa
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} virtue; virtuous; wholesome [translation-eng] good; merit; lovely; pleasant; helpful [comments] Comment: See dge ba.

dge rgan

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} teacher

dge rgyas pa

[translation-san] {C} śubhakṛtsṇā (devā) [translation-eng] {C} śubhakṛtsṇā (gods)

dge bcu'i las kyi lam

[translation-san] {MSA} daśa-kuśala-karma-patha [translation-eng] {Hopkins} path of the ten virtuous actions

dge chos

[translation-san] {MSA} kuśala ... dharma [translation-eng] {Hopkins} virtuous doctrine

dge bsnyen

[translation-san] {LCh} upāsaka
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} approacher to virtue; layperson with vows; lay practitioner

dge bsnyen dang dge bsnyen ma gnyis

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} the two—laymen (upāsaka) and laywomen (upāsikā) with vows [comments] Comment: the two divisions of householders (khyim pa, gṛhastha).

dge bsnyen ma

[translation-san] upāsikā
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} female approacher to virtue; laywoman

dge dang mi dge bskyed

[tenses] bskyed; skyed; bskyed; skyed
[translation-san] {MSA} śubhāśubhādhi
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} generating virtue and non-virtue

dge 'dun

[translation-san] {LCh,L,C,MSA} saṃgha

[translation-san] saṅgha

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} [virtue-aspire]; spiritual community; assembly; aspirants to virtue

[translation-eng] {C} crowd; group; assembly; congregation

example

[bod] slob pa phyir mi ldog pa'i dge 'dun ; [eng] irreversible aspirants to virtue who are [still] learners

dge 'dun dkon mchog

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} Spiritual Community Jewel

dge 'dun grub

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} Ge-dün-drup [the first Dalai Lama (1391-1474)]

dge 'dun rgya mtsho

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} Gen-dün-gya-tso [the second Dalai Lama (1476-1542)]

dge 'dun nyi shu'i mdo

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} sūtra passages on the twenty members of the spiritual community

dge 'dun phal chen pa

[translation-san] mahāsāṃghika
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} Mahāsāṃghika; Great Assembly School

[comments] Comment: One of the eighteen so called Hīnayāna schools; thought to be an early precursor of Mahāyāna.

dge ba

[translation-san] {LCh,C,L,MSA,MV} kuśala [translation-san] {C,L,MSA,MV} śubha {C}(=praśasta)

[translation-san] {C,L,MSA} kalyāṇa

[translation-san] {MSA} kalya

[translation-san] {MSA} śukla

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} virtue; virtuous; wholesome; virtuous factor

[translation-eng] {C} wholesome; good; lovely; pleasant; merit; helpful(ness); lovely

[definition-bod] mtshan nyid lung du bstan pa gang zhig rang 'bras rnam smin bde ba 'byin byed kyi rigs su gnas pa/

[definition-eng] Def.: that which is (1) indicated [as a virtue] and (2) abides in a type bringing forth happiness as a fruition which is its own effect

[division-bod] dbye ba 1 dad pa/ 2 ngo tsha shes pa/ 3 khrel yod pa/ 4 ma chags pa/ 5 zhe sdang med pa/ 6 gti mug med pa/ 7 brtson 'grus/ 8 shin tu sbyangs pa/ 9 bag yod pa/ 10 btang snyoms/ 11 rnam par mi 'tshe ba/

[division-eng] Div.: (1) faith (śraddhā); (2) shame (hrī); (3) embarrassment (apatrāpya); (4) non- attachment (alobha); (5) non-hatred (adveṣa); (6) non-ignorance (amoha); (7) effort (vīrya); (8) pliancy (prasrabdhi); (9) conscientiousness (apramāda); (10) equanimity (upekṣā); (11) non- harmfulness (avihiṃsā).

[comments] Comment: Virtuous mental factors are one of six main groupings of mental factors (sems byung, caitta): (1) five omnipresent (kun 'gro, sarvatraga) mental factors; (2) five determining (yul nges, viṣaya-pratiniyama) mental factors; (3) eleven virtuous (dge ba, kuśala) mental factors; (4) six root afflictions (rtsa nyon, mūla-kleśa); (5) twenty secondary afflictions (nye nyong, upakleśa); and (6) four changeable (gzhan 'gyur, anyathābhāva) mental factors. ""Indicated"" or ""revealed"" (lung du bstan pa) means here ""that which abides as either virtue or non-virtue."" Thus, in this case of defining virtue, it means that which is virtuous. It means that which is definite as virtuous or non-virtuous. It does not necessarily refer to Buddha's having said it this way or that way which is what those words often mean (""indicated in scripture""). ""Abides in the class of that which issues forth happiness"" is said because there are, for instance, virtues which have been overcome by hatred and do not issue forth happiness, but they are still virtues. The phrase means that there are exceptions that merely ""abide in the class of.""

dge ba goms pa

[translation-san] {MSA} śubhābhyāsa
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} cultivate virtue; become asccustomed to virtue

dge ba sgom pa

[tenses] bsgom; sgom; bsgoms; sgoms
[translation-san] {MSA} śubha-bhāvanā
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} meditate virtue; meditatively cultivate virtue

dge ba sgrub pa

[tenses] bsgrub; sgrub; bsgrubs; sgrubs
[translation-san] {MSA} śubha-nirhāra
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} achieve virtue; accomplish virtue

dge ba sgrub pa rnam pa

[tenses] bsgrub; sgrub; bsgrubs; sgrubs [translation-san] {MSA} kuśalābhinirhāra-nimitta [translation-eng] {Hopkins} aspect of achieving virtue

dge ba ... mngon par dga'

[translation-san] {MSA} śubhābhirāmatā [translation-eng] {Hopkins} manifestly liking virtue

dge ba bcu'i las kyi lam

[translation-san] {C} daśa-kuśala-karma-pathā [translation-eng] {Hopkins} paths of action of the ten virtues [translation-eng] {C} ten ways of wholesome action

dge ba chos

[translation-san] {L} kuśala-dharma
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} virtuous/wholesome doctrine/phenomenon

dge ba 'jug 'dod

[translation-san] {MSA} śubha-vṛttau ... āśayaḥ [translation-eng] {Hopkins} wish to engage in virtue

dge ba gnyis

[translation-san] {MSA} śubha-dvaya [translation-eng] {Hopkins} two virtues

dge ba dag ni sgom pa

[tenses] bsgom; sgom; bsgoms; sgoms
[translation-san] {MSA} kuśalasya ca bhāvanā [translation-eng] {Hopkins} meditatively cutlivate virtues

dge ba dang ldan pa

[translation-san] {MSA} śubhin
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} virtuous; endowed with virtue; possessing virtue

dge ba dang mi dge ba'i las

[translation-san] {MV} kuśalākuśala-karman
[translation-san] {MV} śubhāśubha-karman
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} virtuous and non-virtuous actions

dge ba dang mi dge ba'i las kyi lam dang de'i 'bras bu rnam pa sna tshogs shes pa

[translation-san] {MSA} kuśalākuśala-karma-patha-tat-phala-vaicitrya-jñāna

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} knowledge of the various aspects of virtuous and non-virtuous paths of action and their effects

dge ba 'dod pa

[translation-san] {MV} kuśala-ruci
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} desiring virtue; wishing virtue; wanting virtue

dge ba dpag tu med pa'i gnas

[translation-san] {MSA} ameya-śubhatāśraya [translation-eng] {Hopkins} source of immeasurable virtue

dge ba 'phel ba

[translation-san] {MSA} kuśala-vivardhana [translation-san] {MSA} śubha-vṛddhi [translation-eng] {Hopkins} increasing virtue

dge ba bya ba

[translation-san] {L} kalyāṇa
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} helpful; good; lovely

dge ba bla na med pa la sgrib pa

[translation-san] {MV} śubhānuttaryāvaraṇa [translation-eng] {Hopkins} obstructing unsurpassed virtue

dge ba ma yin

[translation-san] {L} akuśala
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} non-virtue; non-virtuous; unwholesome

dge ba ma bsags pa

[translation-san] {MSA} anupacita-śubha [translation-san] {MSA} śubhe ... anārabdhvā [translation-eng] {Hopkins} non-accumulation of virtue

dge ba mi bskyed pa

[tenses] bskyed; skyed; bskyed; skyed
[translation-san] {MV} kuśalasyānutpattiḥ
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} ungenerated virtue; not generating virtue

dge ba mi zad bya ba'i phyir

[translation-san] {MV} kuśalasyākṣayāya
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} in order not to extingtuish virtue

dge ba zhan pa

[translation-san] {MSA} śubha-daurbalya [translation-eng] {Hopkins} weak virtue

dge ba yang dag len du 'jug

[translation-san] {MSA} śubhe samādāpayate (sic) [translation-eng] {Hopkins} cause to assume pure virtue

dge ba yid la byed

[translation-san] {MSA} śubha-manaskāra
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} taking virtue to mind; contemplating virtue

dge ba rab tu sbyor ba

[tenses] sbyar; sbyor; sbyard; sbyord
[translation-san] {MSA} kuśala-prayoga
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} thoroughly engaging in virtue

dge ba la 'god pa

[tenses] dgod; 'god; bkod; 'god
[translation-san] {MSA} kuśala-pratiṣṭhāpana [translation-eng] {Hopkins} establish/set in virtue

dge ba la 'jug par 'dod pa

[translation-san] {MSA} kuśala-pravṛttichā (sic) [translation-eng] {Hopkins} wishing to engage in virtue

dge ba la 'jug par byed pa'i phyir

[translation-san] {MSA} kuśale pravartanāt
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} because of engaging in virtue; in order to engage in virtue

dge ba la sbyor ba

[tenses] sbyar; sbyor; sbyard; sbyord
[translation-san] {MSA} kuśale niyojanāt
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} training in virtue; endeavoring in virtue

dge ba la ma zhugs pa

[tenses] zhug; 'jug; zhugs; zhugs
[translation-san] {MSA} kuśale 'prayuktāḥ [translation-eng] {Hopkins} not engaged in virtue

dge ba la gzhol ba

[translation-san] {MSA} kuśala-nata
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} tending to virtue; flowing to virtue

dge ba bsags pa

[translation-san] {MSA} kuśalācaya [translation-san] {MSA} śubhācaya [translation-eng] {Hopkins} virtue accumulated

dge ba bsags pas rab gang

[translation-san] {MSA} śubhācaya-prapūrṇa [translation-eng] {Hopkins} filled with accumulated virtue

dge ba'i grogs po

[translation-san] {MSA} kalyāṇa-mitratā
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} virtuous friend; spiritual guide [comments] Comment: See dge ba'i bshes gnyen.

dge ba'i chos

[translation-san] {L,MSA} kuśala-dharma
[translation-san] {MSA} kuśala ... dharma
[translation-san] {MSA} kuśala-mūla
[translation-san] {MSA} dharma ... kuśala
[translation-san] {MSA} śubha ... dharma
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} virtuous/wholesome qualities/practices/phenomena [comments] Comment: See chos.

dge ba'i chos kyi gtso bo

[translation-san] {MSA} kuśala-dharma-prādhānya
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} chief/principal/main of virtuous qualities/practices/phenomena

dge ba'i chos sgom pa la bar chad med par brtson pa

[translation-san] {MSA} kuśala-bhāvanā-nirantarābhiyoga

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} uninterrupted effort at meditative cultivation of virtuous qualities/practices/phenomena

dge ba'i chos can

[translation-san] {C} kalyāṇa-dharmin
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} having the quality of virtue; having the attribute of virtue [translation-eng] {C} virtuous/lovely in character

dge ba'i chos 'thob bo

[tenses] thob/'thob; 'thob; thob; 'thobs
[translation-san] {MSA} kuśala-dharma-lābha
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} attained virtuous qualities/practices/phenomena

dge ba'i chos sdud pa'i tshul khrims

[tenses] bsdu; sdud; bsdus; sdus
[translation-san] {MSA} kuśala-dharma-saṃgrahaka-śīla
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} ethics that is the composite of virtuous qualities/practices/phenomena

dge ba'i chos spel ba

[tenses] spel; spel; speld; speld
[translation-san] {MSA} kuśala-dharma-saṃvardhana
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} increasing virtuous qualities/practices/phenomena

dge ba'i chos 'phel bar 'gyur ba

[translation-san] {MSA} kuśala-dharma-vṛddhi-gamana
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} increasing virtuous qualities/practices/phenomena

dge ba'i chos 'phel bar byed pa

[translation-san] {MSA} kuśala-dharmābhivṛddhi
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} increasing virtuous qualities/practices/phenomena

dge ba'i chos la goms par byas pa

[translation-san] {MV} kuśaladharmābhyāsa
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} accustomed to virtuous qualities/practices/phenomena

dge ba'i chos la sbyor ba

[tenses] sbyar; sbyor; sbyard; sbyord
[translation-san] {MSA} kuśala-dharma-yojana
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} endeavoring at virtuous qualities/practices/phenomena

dge ba'i chos su snang ba

[tenses] snang; snang; snang; snang
[translation-san] {MSA} kuśala-dharmābhāsa
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} appear as virtuous qualities/practices/phenomena

dge ba'i phyogs

[translation-san] {L} kuśala-pakṣa
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} class of virtues; class of virtuous qualities/practices/phenomena

dge ba'i me tog rgyas shing gsal ba

[translation-san] {C} śubha-puṣpita-śuddhi
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} broad and bright flower of virtue [translation-eng] {C} sweetly blooming purity

dge ba'i rtsa ba

[translation-san] {L,MSA,MV} kuśala-mūla
[translation-san] {MSA} kuśala-dharma
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} virtuous/wholesome root(s); roots of virtue

[comments] Comment: The three virtuous roots (dge ba'i rtsa ba, kuśalamūla) are: (1) non- attachment (ma chags pa, alobha); (2) non-hatred (zhe sdang med pa, adveṣa); non-ignorance (gti mug med pa, amoha).

dge ba'i rtsa ba kun tu chad pa

[tenses] 'chad; 'chad; chad; chad
[translation-san] {MSA} samucchinna-kuśala-mūla

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} thoroughly annihilated roots of virtue; thoroughly severed roots of virtue

dge ba'i rtsa ba bskyed pa

[tenses] bskyed; skyed; bskyed; skyed
[translation-san] {C} avaropita-kuśala-mūla
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} growing roots of viture; generating roots of virtue [translation-eng] {C} one who has planted wholesome roots

dge ba'i rtsa ba rgya che ba nyid

[translation-san] {MSA} kuśala-muūlaudāryatva [translation-eng] {Hopkins} vast roots of virtue

dge ba'i rtsa ba gcod pa

[translation-san] {MSA} kuśala-mūla-samucchedana
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} cutting roots of virtue; severing roots of virtue

dge ba'i rtsa ba nyam chung ba

[translation-san] {MSA} kuśala-mūla-daurbalya [translation-eng] {Hopkins} weak roots of virtue

dge ba'i rtsa ba dpag tu med pa'i gnas

[translation-san] {MSA} aprameya-kuśala-mūlāśraya [translation-eng] {Hopkins} source of immeasurable roots of virtue

dge ba'i rtsa ba dman pa

[translation-san] {MSA} hīna-kuśala-mūla

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} low/lesser roots of virtue

dge ba'i rtsa ba yongs su ma smin pa

[translation-san] {L} aparipakva-kuśala-mūlaḥ
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} unripened/unmatured roots of virtue

dge ba'i rtsa ba yongs su smin pa

[translation-san] {C} paripakva-kuśala(-mūla)
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} thoroughly ripened/mature roots of virtue [translation-eng] {C} virtuous/wholesome roots are mature

dge ba'i rtsa ba yongs su smin par byed pa

[translation-san] {MSA} paripācanā kuśale
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} thoroughly ripening/maturing roots of virtue

dge ba'i rtsa ba bsags pa

[translation-san] {MSA} upacita-kuśala-mūla [translation-san] {MSA} kuśala-mūlopacaya [translation-eng] {Hopkins} accumulated roots of virtue

dge ba'i tshogs

[translation-san] {MSA} kuśala-saṃbhāra [translation-san] {MSA} śukla-gaṇa [translation-eng] {Hopkins} collection of virtue

dge ba'i yon tan

[translation-san] {MSA} guṇa ... śubha
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} virtuous quality; quality of virtue

dge ba'i las rnams byed pa

[translation-san] {MSA} śubha-karma-kārin [translation-eng] {Hopkins} performing actions of virtue

dge ba'i las lam

[translation-san] {C} kuśala-karma-patha [translation-eng] {Hopkins} path of virtuous action [translation-eng] {C} wholesome path of action

dge ba'i lo tog

[translation-san] {MSA} kuśala-mūla-sasya [translation-san] {MSA} kuśala-sasya

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} harvest of virtue

dge ba'i lo tog skyes pa 'joms pa

[tenses] gzhom; 'joms; bcom; choms
[translation-san] {MSA} utpanna-kuśala-mūla-sasya-dhvaṃsana
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} destroying harvests of virtue that have been generated

dge ba'i lo tog rgyu mtshan

[translation-san] {MSA} śubha-sasya-nimittatva [translation-eng] {Hopkins} signs of harvest of virtue

dge ba'i bshes gnyen

[tenses] dge; bshes
[translation-san] {L,MSA,MV} kalyāṇa-mitra
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} spiritual guide; virtuous friend; virtuous spiritual friend; spiritual friend [translation-eng] good friend

dge ba'i bshes gnyen dang ldan

[translation-san] {C} kalyāṇa-mitra-sahita
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} one who has a sprititual guide; possessing a spiritual quide [translation-eng] {C} one who has a good friend

dge ba'i bshes gnyen dang mi ldan pa

[translation-san] {MV} kalyāṇa-mitra-vaidhurya
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} not having a spiritual guide; one who does not have a spiritual guide

dge ba'i bshes la nye bar brten

[translation-san] {MSA} satyaṃ mitram upāśritaḥ [translation-eng] {Hopkins} relying on a spirirtual guide

dge ba'i bsam pa

[translation-san] {MSA} kalyāṇāśaya
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} virtuous thought; thought of virtue

dge bar bya ba

[translation-san] {C} kalyāṇa
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} acting virtuously [translation-eng] {C} helpful(ness); lovely; good

dge bas 'phel bar byed pa

[translation-san] {MSA} kuśalair vardhayanti

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} increase through virtue

dge byed pa

[translation-san] {MSA} śubha-kara [translation-eng] {Hopkins} making virtue

dge sbyong

[tenses] sbyang; sbyong; sbyangs; sbyongs
[translation-san] {L} śrāmaṇa
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} one engaged in virtuous endeavor [translation-eng] recluse; ascetic

dge sbyong ma yin

[tenses] sbyang; sbyong; sbyangs; sbyongs
[translation-san] {C} aśrāmaṇa
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} not engaged in virtuous endeavor [translation-eng] {C} ceases to be a recluse

dge mi dge gang du lung du ma bstan pa

[tenses] bstan; ston; bstand; stond
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} neutral; not indicated/revealed as either virtue or non-virtue [comments] Comment: Explanation of lung du ma bstan pa (not indicated/revealed).

dge rtsa

[tenses] dge; ba'i; rtsa; ba

[translation-san] kuśula-mūla

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} virtuous/wholesome root(s); roots of virtue

[division-bod] dbye ba 1 ma chags pa/ 2 'dod chags med pa/ 3 zhe sdang med pa/ 4 gti mug med pa/

[division-eng] Div.: (1) non-attachment (alobha); (2) non-desire (arāga); (3) non-hatred (adveṣa); non-ignorance (amoha)

[comments] Comment: See also dge ba (virtue).

dge tshul

[translation-san] śramaṇera
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} novice monastic

dge la bag yod

[translation-san] {MSA} kuśalāpramatta
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} conscientious with regard to virtue

dge la yang dag par spro ba

[translation-san] {MSA} utsāhaḥ kuśale samyak
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} delighting in virtue; taking enthusiasm in virtue

dge lugs

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} Ge-luk [comments] Comment: See dge lugs pa.

dge lugs pa

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} Ge-luk-b#a [school of Tibetan Buddhism founded by D#zong-ka-b#a L#o-sang-drak-b#a (tsong kha pa blo bzang grag pa)]; Ge-luk-b#a order

[comments] Comment: The sect probably was originally called the ""Joyous Way"" (dga' ldan pa'i lugs) after the monastic university called ""Joyous"" (dga' ldan) established by D#zong-ka-b#a in 1409.

dge legs

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} virtue and goodness

dge bshes

[tenses] dge; ba'i; bshes; gnyen/ [translation-san] {LCh} kalyāṇa-mitra

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} [virtuous-friend]; spiritual guide; ge-s#hay [a person who has completed the scholastic phase of monastic training]; geshe

dge sogs gsum

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} the three: virtue and so forth

[comments] Comment: The three are dge ba (virtue), mi dge ba (non-virtue), and lung du ma bstan pa (neutral); this is one of the divisions of established base (gzhi grub).

dge slong

[tenses] bslang; slang; /slong; bslangs; slongs
[translation-san] {C} bhikṣu
[translation-san] {L} śrāmaṇa
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} [virtue-beg]; monastic; monk; nun [translation-eng] recluse; ascetic

dge slong gi sdom pa

[tenses] bslang; slang; /slong; bslangs; slongs [translation-san] {MSA} bhikṣu-saṃvara [translation-eng] {Hopkins} monastic's vow

dge slong dang dge slong ma

[tenses] bslang; slang; /slong; bslangs; slongs

[translation-san] {MSA} bhikṣu-bhikṣuṇī [translation-eng] {Hopkins} monk and nun

dge slong du shes pa

[tenses] bslang; slang; /slong; bslangs; slongs [translation-san] {C} śrāmaṇyatā [translation-eng] {C} honoring recluses

dge slong ma

[tenses] bslang; slang; /slong; bslangs; slongs [translation-san] bhikṣuṇī
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} nun

dge slong ma yin

[tenses] bslang; slang; /slong; bslangs; slongs [translation-san] {C} abhikṣu [translation-eng] {Hopkins} non-monastic [translation-eng] {C} cease to be a monk

dge slob

[translation-san] śrāmaṇa
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} training in virtue; ascetic; novice monk

dge slob ma

[translation-san] śramaṇā
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} female novice

dgo ba

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} antelope

dgongs

[tenses] dgongs; pa
[translation-san] {L} saṃdhi
[translation-san] abhipretya
[translation-san] {MSA} abhiprāya
[translation-san] {C,L,MSA} (saṃ√dhā): saṃdhāya
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} thought; thinking; thinking of; hidden meaning; intention; notion [translation-eng] {C} hidden intent; with hidden meaning
[comments] Comment: See dgongs pa.

dgongs 'grel; dgongs pa nges par 'grel pa'i mdo

[tenses] bkral; 'grel; bkrald; 'greld [translation-san] saṃdhinirmocana-sūtra

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} [thought-unravel]; Saṃdhinirmocana-sūtra; Sūtra Unraveling the Thought [title of a third-wheel sūtra considered to be definitive by the Mind-Only School]; commentary on the thought

dgongs te

[translation-san] {C} saṃdhāya
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} thinking of; thinking; in consideration of; intending [translation-eng] {C} hidden intent; with hidden meaning

dgongs pa

[translation-san] {LCh,C,MSA} abhiprāya

[translation-san] {L} abhiprāyika

[translation-san] {C} samanvāhāra

[translation-san] {MSA} anusaṃdhi

[translation-san] {MSA} abhisaṃdhi

[translation-san] {MSA} āśaya

[translation-san] {MSA} bhāva

[translation-san] {MSA} saṃdhi

[translation-san] abhipreta

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} thought [hon. of bsam pa]; notion; significance; intention

[translation-eng] {C} intent(ion); desire; purpose; attempt (to hurt); veiled; indirect; with hidden meaning; grace(?)

dgongs pa bkral ba

[tenses] bkral; 'grel; bkrald; 'greld
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} commenting/commentary on the thought; unraveling the thought

dgongs pa nges par 'grel pa'i mdo; mdo sde dgongs 'grel

[tenses] bkral; 'grel; bkrald; 'greld [translation-san] {MV} saṃdhinirmocana-sūtra

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} [thought-unravel-sūtra]; Saṃdhinirmocana-sūtra; Sūtra Unraveling the Thought [title of a third-wheel sūtra considered to be definitive by the Mind-Only School; P774, Vol. 29]

dgongs pa can

[translation-san] {MSA} abhiprāyika
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} having a thought behind it; having another thought [comments] Comment: See dgongs pa.

dgongs pa can gyi don

[translation-san] {MSA} abhiprāyikārtha
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} meaning that has a thought behind it

dgongs pa rtogs pa

[tenses] rtogs; rtogs; rtogs; rtogs
[translation-san] {MV} abhisandhi-praveśa
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} realization of the thought; realization of the thought behind it

dgongs pa mdzad de

[translation-san] {C} samanvāharati
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} consider; take under consideration

[translation-eng] {C} his mind is impressed by; consider; bring out; bear in mind; bring to mind; behave towards(?); thinks to himself

dgongs pa rab gsal

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} Illumination of the Thought [Dzong-ka-ba's commentary on Chandrakīrti's Madhyamakāvatāra, Illumination of the Thought, Extensive Explanation of (Chandrakīrti's) Supplement to (Nāgārjuna's) 'Treatise on the Middle'"" (dbu ma la 'jug pa'i rgya cher bshad pa dgongs pa rab gsal) P6143, vol. 154]""

dgongs pa shin tu zab

[translation-san] {MSA} bhāvātigahana [translation-eng] {Hopkins} very profound thought

dgongs par

[translation-san] {C} samanvāharati (=bhavatyā-rūpeṇa-avadhāraṇāt)

[translation-eng] {C} his mind is impressed by; consider; bring out; bear in mind; bring to mind; behave towards(?); thinks to himself

dgongs par 'gyur

[translation-san] {C} samanvāharati

[translation-eng] {C} his mind is impressed by; consider; bring out; bear in mind; bring to mind; behave towards(?); thinks to himself

dgongs par snang ba

[tenses] snang; snang; snang; snang
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} appears to be the thought

dgongs par mdzad

[translation-san] {C} samanvāharati

[translation-eng] {C} his mind is impressed by; consider; bring out; bear in mind; bring to mind; behave towards(?); thinks to himself

dgongs gzhi

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} basis in [Buddha's] thought; [factual] basis in Buddha's thought

[comments] Comment: The first in the triad of factors involved in passages requiring interpretation —the basis in [Buddha's] thought (dgongs gzhi), purpose (dgos pa), and damage to the explicit [rendering] (dngos la gnod byed). dgongs should not be translated as ""intention,"" since this would too easily be confused with dgos pa (""purpose"" or ""intention"").

dgongs gzhi dang dngos la gnod byed

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} the basis in [Buddha's] thought and the damage to what is explicitly taught

[comments] Comment: The first and third in the triad of factors involved in passages requiring interpretation—the basis in [Buddha's] thought (dgongs gzhi), purpose (dgos pa), and damage to the explicit [rendering] (dngos la gnod byed)

dgongs su gsol

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} please pay heed example

[bod] bdag la dgongs su gsol ni/ tshig la snyan gtad cing don nges par 'dzin pa dang bcas pas rnam par gzigs shig pa'o/; [eng] Please pay heed to me"" means ""hear [my] words and definitely grasp their meaning,"" and therefore means ""watch [over me]!""{Dor 45a2./ 273.2}""

dgod

[tenses] dgod; 'god; bkod; 'god;; gad; mo; bgad; dgod; bgad; dgod

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} set/state/establish/arrange/register/make a record/place [on throne]/put [a signature]; laugh; smile; make laugh/smile

dgod pa

[tenses] dgod; 'god; bkod; 'god;; gad; mo; bgad; dgod; bgad; dgod

[translation-san] {C} niveśana

[translation-san] {C} pratiṣṭhāpayati (=gṛhītānāṃ sthirīkaraṇāt = vinayaset)

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} set/state/establish/arrange/register/make a record/place [on throne]/put [a signature]; array; affix; make laugh/smile

[translation-eng] {C} house; entering on; show respect to; establishes; introduces to; transfers to; builds; places; deposits in; bestows

dgod par bya

[tenses] dgod; 'god; bkod; 'god;; gad; mo; bgad; dgod; bgad; dgod [translation-san] {C} sthāpayati

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} set/state/establish/arrange/register/make a record/place [on throne]/put [a signature]; affix; array; make laugh/smile

[translation-eng] {C} to place (in); discard(?); to store; affix; to fix; deposits; to put up

dgod par bya

[tenses] dgod; 'god; bkod; 'god;; gad; mo; bgad; dgod; bgad; dgod [translation-san] {C} pratiṣṭhāpayitavya

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} set/state/establish/arrange/register/make a record/place [on throne]/put [a signature]; array; affix; smile; laugh; make smile/laugh

[translation-eng] {C} should establish

dgod par bya'o

[tenses] dgod; 'god; bkod; 'god;; gad; mo; bgad; dgod; bgad; dgod [translation-san] {C} pratiṣṭhāpayeyam

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} set/state/establish/arrange/register/make a record/place [on throne]/put [a signature]; array; affix; smile; laugh; make smile/laugh

[translation-eng] {C} I could establish

dgon pa

[translation-san] {C,MSA} araṇya

[translation-san] {C} āraṇyaka

[translation-san] {C} ranyā

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} monastery; forest; hermitage

[translation-eng] {C} remote forest; jungle; wilderness; forest dweller; belonging to the forest; in the remote forest

dgon pa dang nags 'dab

[translation-san] {C} araṇya-vanaprastha [translation-eng] {C} jungle

dgon pa nags khrod chen po

[translation-san] {L} araṇyamahāvana-prastha
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} great forest; hermitage in a great forest

dgon pa pa

[translation-san] {C} āraṇyaka
[translation-eng] {C} forest-dweller; belonging to the forest

dgon pa la gnas pa

[translation-san] {C} araṇya-vāsa
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} forest-dweller; dwelling in monastery [translation-eng] {C} dwelling in the forest

dgon pa lhur byed cing

[translation-san] {C} araṇya-parama
[translation-eng] {C} one completely devoted to life in the remote forest

dgon pa'i lam

[translation-san] {C} kāntāra-mārgi [translation-eng] {C} wilderness

dgon dben spyod pa

[tenses] spyad; spyod; spyad; spyod
[translation-san] {C} raṇya-viveka-cāri
[translation-eng] {C} one who courses in the detachment of the remote forest

dgos

[translation-san] {C} kārya
[translation-san] {MSA} prayojana
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} purpose; necessity; need to; necessary [translation-eng] {C} work; business; function; task

dgos ched kyi sgra

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} dative case [term of purpose or benefit]

dgos pa

[translation-san] {LCh,MSA} prayojana
[translation-san] {C} kṛtya
[translation-san] {MSA} kārya [yid ches par bya dgos pa = {MSA}pratyetavya] [translation-eng] {Hopkins} purpose; necessity; need; aim; must; should; intention [translation-eng] {C} duty; necessary

dgos pa ltos pa'i grangs nges

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} definite enumeration in terms of purpose; definite enumeration relative to purpose

dgos pa thams cad byed pa

[translation-san] {MSA} sarva-kārya-karaṇa [translation-eng] {Hopkins} effecting all purposes/aims

dgos pa byed do

[translation-san] {C} kāryaṃ karoti [translation-eng] {Hopkins} performs its purpose [translation-eng] {C} does its work

dgos pa byed nus pa

[translation-san] {C} kārya-samartha
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} able to perform its purpose

[translation-eng] {C} capable of doing; business

dgos pa med pa

[translation-san] {MSA} niṣprayojana
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} without purpose; without need

dgos pa yongs su grub pa

[translation-san] kṛtyānuṣṭāna [translation-san] {L} kṛtyānuṣṭhāna

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} thorough achievement of the purpose; thoroughly achieve one's purpose

dgos pa shin tu yongs su rnyed pa

[translation-san] {C} supariprāptakārya [translation-eng] {C} one who has well done his work

dgos pa'i dbang

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} by the power of necessity; through the force of a purpose

dgyes pa

[translation-san] prasāda
[translation-san] {L} anumodita
[translation-san] {MSA} kānta
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} to be pleased (hon.); rejoiced

dgra

[translation-san] {LCh} ari
[translation-san] {LCh,MSA} ripu
[translation-san] {LCh,L} śatru
[translation-san] {C} pratyarthika
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} foe; enemy [translation-eng] {C} provokes hostility; hostile forces

dgra bcom

[tenses] gzhom; 'joms; bcom; choms
[translation-san] arhan
[translation-san] arhat
[translation-san] {MSA} arihan
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} Foe Destroyer; Enemy Killer

[comments] Comment: Arhan/ arhant (dgra bcom pa) is translated as Foe Destroyer"" to accord with the usual Tibetan translation of the term and to assist in capturing the flavor of oral and written

traditions that frequently refer to this etymology. Arhats have overcome the foe which is the afflictive emotions (nyon mongs, kleśa), the chief of which is ignorance, the conception (according to the Consequence School) that persons and phenomena are established by way of their own character. The Indian and Tibetan translators were also aware of the etymology of arhant as ""worthy one,"" as they translated the name of the ""founder"" of the Jaina system, Arhat, as mchod 'od ""Worthy of Worship"" (see Jam-y#ang-shay-b#a's Great Exposition of Tenets, ka, 62a.3). Also, they were aware of Chandrakīrti's gloss of the term as ""Worthy One"" in his Clear Words: ""Because of being worthy of worship by the world of gods, humans, and demi-gods, they are called Arhats"" (sadevamānuṣāsurāl lokāt pūnārhatvād arhannityuchyate [Poussin, 486.5], lha dang mi dang lha ma yin du bcas pa'i 'jig rten gyis mchod par 'os pas dgra bcom pa zhes brjod la [P5260, vol. 98 75.2.2]). Also, they were aware of Haribhadra's twofold etymology in his Illumination of the Eight Thousand Stanza Perfection of Wisdom Sūtra. In the context of the list of epithets qualifying the retinue of Buddha at the beginning of the sūtra (see Unrai Wogihara, ed., Abhisamayālaṃkārālokā Prajñā-pāramitā-vyākhyā, The Work of Haribhadra [Tokyo: The Toyo Bunko, 1932-5; reprint ed., Tokyo: Sankibo Buddhist Book Store, 1973], 8.18), Haribhadra says, """"They are called arhant [=Worthy One, from root arh 'to be worthy'] since they are worthy of worship, religious donations, and being assembled together in a group, etc."""" (W9.8-9: sarva evātra pūjā-dakṣi ̃ā-ga ̃a-parikarṣādy-ārhatayar-han-taḥ; P5189, 67.5.7: 'dir thams cad kyang mchod pa dang // yon dang tshogs su 'dub la sogs par 'os pas na dgra bcom pa'o). Also, """"They are called arhant [= Foe Destroyer, arihan] because they have destroyed (hata) the foe (ari)."""" (W10.18: hatāritvād arhantaḥ; P5189, 69.3.6. dgra rnams bcom pas na dgra bcom pa'o). Thus, this is a considered preference in the face of alternative etymologies—""Foe Destroyer"" requiring a not unusual i infix to make ari-han, ari meaning enemy and han meaning to kill, and thus ""Foe Destroyer."" Unfortunately, one word in English cannot convey both this meaning and ""Worthy of Worship""; thus, I have gone with what clearly has become the predominant meaning in Tibet. (For an excellent discussion of the two etymologies of ""Arhat"" in Buddhism and Jainism, see L.M. Joshi's ""Facets of Jaina Religiousness in Comparative Light,"" L.D. Series 85, [Ahmedabad: L.D. Institute of Indology, May 1981], 53-58).""

dgra bcom rgyan med

[tenses] gzhom; 'joms; bcom; choms
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} Unadorned Foe Destroyer

dgra bcom dang rang rgyal

[tenses] gzhom; 'joms; bcom; choms [translation-san] {C} raha-pratyaya

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} Foe Destroyers and Solitary Victor; Foe Destroyers and Solitary Realizers

dgra bcom pa

[tenses] gzhom; 'joms; bcom; choms
[translation-san] {L,MSA} arhat
[translation-san] arhan
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} Foe Destroyer; Enemy Killer [comments] Comment: See dgra bcom.

dgra bcom pa'i mkhyen pa

[tenses] mkhyen; mkhyen; mkhyend; mkhyend [translation-eng] {Hopkins} exalted knower of a Foe Destroyer

[comments] Comment: dgra bcom pa'i mkhyen pa, dgra bcom pa'i mi slob lam, dgra bcom pa'i nyon sgrib spangs pa'i ye shes (exalted knower of a Foe Destroyer, path of no more learning of a Foe Destroyer, exalted wisdom of a Foe Destroyerthat has abandoned the afflictive obstructions) are equivalent.

dgra bcom 'bras gnas

[tenses] gzhom; 'joms; bcom; choms
[translation-san] arhattva-phalastha
[translation-san] arhattvaphalasthita
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} abider in the fruit of Foe Destroyer

[comments] Comment: This is one of the eight types of enterers and abiders (zhugs gnas brgyad): Approacher to Stream Enterer (rgyun zhugs zhugs pa); Abider in the Fruit of Stream Enterer (rgyun zhugs 'bras gnas); Approacher to Once Returner (phyir 'ong zhugs pa); Abider in the Fruit of Once Returner (phyir 'ong 'bras gnas); Approacher to Never Returner (phyir mi 'ong zhugs pa); Abider in the Fruit of (phyir mi 'ong 'bras gnas); Approacher to Foe Destroyer (dgra bcom zhugs pa); Abider in the Fruit of (dgra bcom 'bras gnas). For the Sanskrit see the individual entries.

dgra bcom zhugs pa

[tenses] zhug; 'jug; zhugs; zhugs
[translation-san] arhattva-pratipanna
[translation-san] arhattvapratipannaka
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} approacher to Foe Destroyer

dgra bcom rang rgyal

[tenses] gzhom; 'joms; bcom; choms
[translation-san] {C} raha-pratyaya
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} Foe Destroyers and Solitary Realizers

dgra bcom rang rgyal theg pa

[tenses] gzhom; 'joms; bcom; choms
[translation-san] {C} raha-pratyaya-yāna
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} vehicles of Hearers and Solitary Realizers

dgra rnams

[translation-san] {C} śātrava

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} enemies; foes [translation-eng] {C} multitude of enemies

dgra bo

[translation-san] {C} pratyamitra [translation-eng] {Hopkins} enemy; foe [translation-eng] {C} inimical force; foe

dgra bo'i 'du shes

[translation-san] {MSA} amitra-saṃjñā
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} discrimination of [someone as being] an enemy/foe

dgra bo'i 'du shes su byed pa

[translation-san] {MSA} śatru-saṃjñā-karaṇa
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} discriminating [someone as being] an enemy/foe

dgra byed

[translation-san] {C} amitra
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} one acting as an enemy; foe; enemy [translation-eng] {C} foe

dgra byed mang ba

[translation-san] {C} bahū-āmatro
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} having many enemies/foes [translation-eng] {C} full of many hostile forces

dgra mang ba yin te

[translation-san] {C} bahu-pratyarthikāni-bhavanti
[translation-eng] {C} provoke much hostility; surrounded by much hostility

dgram pa

[translation-eng] {Hopkins} arrange; set out; spread out

dgra'i dbang du song ba

[tenses] song; song; song; song
[translation-san] {MSA} śatru-vaśa-ga
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} come under an enemy's power

dgrol

[translation-san] {C} mocayanti (=mociṣya) [translation-eng] {Hopkins} loosen; release; free

[translation-eng] {C} release; liberate; set free

dgrol ba

[translation-san] {C} pramocana
[translation-san] {C} parimocayati [translation-eng] {Hopkins} release; free; looosen [translation-eng] {C} liberation; set free

dgrol ba'i phyir

[translation-san] {C} parimocayati
[translation-eng] {Hopkins} in order to release/free; because of releasing [translation-eng] {C} set free