ཞེས་

JH-ENG

thus; particle indicating quote

JH-OE

{C}respect; dignity; a title to be respected

JH-SKT

{C}iti; {L}tathA; {C}gaurava

OT

[2403] nga na ma 'a ra la dang/ mtha' med bcas kyi rjes dang/ rtogs pa'i don gyi shes pa dang mi nor ba'i ched du dmigs bsal sa mthar yang sbyar rgyu tshig gzhan 'dren byed kyi phrad gzhan dbang can zhig ... nga na ma 'a ra la ... shes pa ... sa ... lcags lam zhes/ ... blon po mgar gyis rgyal po'i drung du phyin te rgya nag gi lha cig de'ang gdan 'dren pas bka' gnang bar zhu zhes zhus so/ ...

JV

so, thus, respect, quotation marker

IW

so called, so it says, which is to say, thus [R]. so called, so it says, which is to say, thus [indicates commentary is coming, [occurs after final g, d, b) and {ces}. after all other, end of quotation, nga na ma ' ra la dang, mtha' med bcas kyi rjes dang, rtogs pa'i don gyi shes pa dang mi nor ba'i ched du dmigs bsal sa mthar yang sbyar rgyu tshig gzhan 'dren byed kyi phrad gzhan dbang can zhig {zhi ba myang 'das - peace beyond suffering; peace, nirvana [nyon mongs spangs pa'i 'gog bden

RY

refers {la zer}. indicates commentary is coming up, {ཞེས་པ་ལྟར་} means "as it was said" and {ཞེས་གསུངས་སོ་} means "thus it was said". so called. thus [occurs after final g, d, b) and {ces} after all other, end of quotation; ces/ shes-bya-ba - termed/ referred to as. to refer to/ denote. quote-unquote. this (referring back to a citation / quote)